• intro from prof. Meijer

Atomic theory

I - Millikens oil drop experiment

had an oil droplet injector which fell onto and through an electrically charged plate and where then exposed to x-rays which ionised and fell at a faster or slower rate depending on their charge a they where attracted to the bottom negative plate or the upper positive plate

II - Rutherfords gold leaf experiment

used to disprove the plum pudding modle of JJ Thomson. exposed gold leaf to α-particles. most got though but a small number deflected. this was because it hit the nucleus and got deflected. the ones that passed through didn’t hit any and passed through the empty space of an atom

III - history of atomic theory

• thomsons plum pudding model
• nagaoka saturnian
• rutherfords nucleus and orbits
• bohr rutherford atomic model with central charge being the atomic number

Classical mechanics

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combination of kinetic energy and potential energy is the hamiltonian $H$

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black body radiation, when something is heated up and then emits radiation like white hot metal, this does not make sense in the realm of classical mechanics.

Waves

Background

Newtown thought light was a particle, Huygens thought it was a wave

transverse waves have a perpendicular wave motion to the direction of travel, they are cycle sof occiliation of energy

in longitudinal waves, vibrations happen in the direction of travel of the wave

EM radiation