when referring to the strands of DNA and RNA in the cell one must consider directionality. the direction of a polynucleotide runs from the 5’ to 3’ end. these numbers refer to the terminal carbon on each end monomer.
during transcription the double helix is broken by dna helicase. rna polymerase then comes in and facilitates the formation of phosphodiester bonds with the complimentary RNA nucleotides that have aligned themselves to the DNA template strand. this process is called transcription and the genetic information found in the DNA is written into RNA
the nucleotide sequence is a triplet, non overlapping and degenerate code. when the code is transcribed, the 5’ to 3’ directionality will be flipped around dur to alignment of the nucleotide bases. this means that when writing the products of transcription you must flip the order into reverse before submitting your answer
the mRNA then attaches to a ribosome. the ribosome catalyses the bonds between amino acids which are bought via tRNA. the anti codon site on the tRNA is complimentary to the triplet on the mMRA and this is how the code of nucleotides forms a specific amino acid sequence